![]() There is also the debate on the role of the bombings in Japan's surrender and the U.S.'s justification for them based upon the premise that the bombings precipitated the surrender. ![]() A primary focus has been on whether the bombing should be categorized as a war crime and/or as a crime against humanity. Over the course of time, different arguments have gained and lost support as new evidence has become available and as new studies have been completed. Some debaters focus on the presidential decision-making process, and others on whether or not the bombings were the proximate cause of Japanese surrender. This ultimatum stated if Japan did not surrender, it would face "prompt and utter destruction". Truman, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President of China Chiang Kai-shek issued the Potsdam Declaration which outlined the terms of surrender for the Empire of Japan. On 26 July 1945 at the Potsdam Conference, United States President Harry S. Substantial debate exists over the ethical, legal, and military aspects of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 August and 9 August 1945 at the close of World War II (1939–45). Controversies surrounding nuclear attacks The Fat Man mushroom cloud resulting from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rises into the air from the hypocenter.
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